Club History

A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE OAKLEY COUNTRY CLUB

The Club traces its roots to 1895 when it was established by a group of prominent men mostly from the Brattle Street area of Cambridge. (1) It was initially called as The Cambridge Golf Club.  The original nine hole layout was located on the old Adams estate at Mt. Auburn and School Streets in Watertown, MA, just south of the present course. (2)  In 1897 members of the Club acquired from the heirs of William Pratt, the former Harrison Gray Otis country estate: "Oakleigh" (3) together with its Charles Bulfinch designed mansion as its new clubhouse. (4)  Located on historic Strawberry Hill, the highest point in Watertown (5), Otis' Oakleigh occupants enjoyed views down the slopes to Boston and beyond to the Atlantic Ocean. Today, Oakley visitors still marvel at its breathtaking vistas of the Boston and Cambridge skylines.

In February, 1898, the Club incorporated as The Cambridge Golf and Country Club (6) and engaged noted Scottish born player and course designer Willie Campbell (7), who had previously expanded a six hole course to a nine hole course at The Country Club. (8)  Campbell set about designing the first 18-hole course in Massachusetts which opened in September 1898. (9) This was followed in October 1898 by Myopia (10), and then in 1899, The Country Club added a second nine to its historic track at Clyde Park. (11)  In November 1898 the Club changed its name to The Oakley Country Club. (12) 

Club Grounds Committee member and Harvard Professor, Robert W. Willson (two L's please) , during a trip to Scotland in the summer of 1898 and with the blessing of the Club Board, recruited 25 year old Donald James Ross from the Dornoch Golf Club (Dornoch secured the title and dignity of "Royal" in 1906 from King Edward VII) to come to Oakley. (13)  Ross arrived in the spring of 1899 initially to work as golf instructor and clubmaker. (14)  In his first year Ross' duties expanded to include greenkeeper as he worked feverishly to get the new Campbell course in shape. (15)  During 1899, the Club's land configuration changed as some new adjacent property was acquired. (16)  Sadly, Willie Campbell could not work on a re-design due to his poor health… he died from cancer on November 25, 1900 at the age of 38. (17)

Oakley turned to young Donald Ross who had clearly impressed Club leadership during his first year.  The Club gave Ross (then untested as an architect) the assignment and he completed his first re-design of Oakley by the 1900 fall season. (18)  Ross was able to send $2,000 home to his mother in Scotland that year. (19)  She used much of this money to add a second story to the home where Ross grew up at No. 3 St. Gilbert St. in Dornoch.  His mother was so grateful for the opportunity the Club gave her son that she renamed the family home "The Oakley Cottage". (20)  Over his 11 years at Oakley, Ross honed his layout skills re-designing the course several times making Oakley into a classic, tight, park layout: complete with the challenging bunkers, cops and fast, undulating greens for which he is now universally renowned.

The Club grew rapidly as its close proximity to Boston and Cambridge allowed for easy access.  Oakley engaged Alec Ross (Donald's younger brother) as an additional pro to help with lessons in 1900. (21)  Oakley quickly earned a reputation as a quality golf course as evidenced by its hosting Harry Vardon during his famous 1900 US tour.  A few weeks after his US Open win that year, Vardon paired against Ross and fellow Scotsman, Alex Findley, for a grueling 36 hole match which Vardon won 6 and 5. (22)  Vardon declared after the match that the Oakley course was "one of the finest in the Country". (23) Today we play Ross' untouched final 1910 design of Oakley.

Donald Ross's personal golfing accomplishments were impressive.  Ross placed in the top ten at the US Open three times from 1903 to 1907 and 8^th at the 1910 British Open. (24)  Ross won the inaugural Massachusetts Open in 1905, and then again in 1911.  From 1905-1912, Donald Ross and his brother Alec won every Massachusetts Open Championship, including 1912 when Oakley hosted this prestigious event. (25)

Oakley was a founding member of the Massachusetts Golf Association in 1903.   Oakley was also one of the four founding members of the Woman's Golf Association of Boston (the future WGAM, now Mass Golf) in 1900.  The Club hosted the inaugural Women's Golf Championship that same year, and has hosted it five additional times. Oakley women golfers were dominant in the first half of the 20^th century. Members Pauline Mackay and Katherine Harley Jackson won the US Amateur, while Oakley women have won 16 Massachusetts Amateurs including Edith Baker who won the event 5 times! (26)

In 1900 Ross became the "Winter Pro" at Pinehurst CC (27), and continued as the "Summer Pro" at Oakley until 1910. (28)  The term Summer Pro is a bit of a misnomer as Ross actually worked at Oakley from about March to early July, then again from about September through November. July and August saw most prominent clubs near US cities all but abandoned in the hot summer months during this era as most members retreated to their summer residences near the shore or mountains.  Ross rose to national prominence in 1907 with his design and completion of the famous Pinehurst No. 2 course.  Ross pioneered many golfing innovations during his days at Oakley.  By 1900, he had water plumbed to all greens and teeing grounds. (29)  In 1905 he instituted indoor golf lessons at the Oakley squash courts. (30)   In this teaching role, Ross transcended the servant / master relationship common at many country clubs during this period.  Ross developed lasting friendships among many of the prominent Oakley members. Several of these relationships led to new course design contracts near the members' summer homes (31) and ultimately to his amazing career: over 400 golf courses are attributed to Donald J. Ross! (32)  After his time at Oakley, Ross largely gave up competitive professional golf and never competed in another Major.  His new focus was teaching golf, and golf course design.  By the 1920s he was almost exclusively focused on the latter.

In addition to Donald Ross, Oakley has been blessed over the years with a number of talented Professionals. Alec Ross was an Oakley pro together with his brother Donald from 1901-c1903. (33)  He won the 1907 US Open.  Michael J. Brady was the Oakley Professional when he placed runner-up in the 1919 US Open. He was also runner-up in the 1911 US Open. Brady was a nine time PGA event winner between 1916-1926. (34)  John Cowan was the Oakley Pro when he was runner-up in the 1921 New England PGA and in 1923 when he was Champion.  Famous former Oakley assistants include Skip Wogan, the longtime Essex pro and Chris Callaway, a long serving Pinehurst professional. Oakley's current Pro, Scott Johnson, his predecessor Jeff Bailey along with former Oakley Pro Paul Donahue together share the current Oakley Course Record at 62! (35)

Other Oakley members have enjoyed success as well.  Member Joseph G. Thorp finished runner up in the 1896 US Amateur. (36)  Member Alfred Ripley bested perennial US Amateur Champ Walter Travis in the 1898 Shinnecock Hills Consolation Cup and would later set that course's record in 1902. (37)  Former Oakley caddy, then member, Fred Wright won the 1956 US Senior Amateur. (38)  He still holds the record for the most Massachusetts Amateur wins at seven.  The Club continues to honor Mr. Wright's memory at its Spring Member–Guest Tournament, which is named in his honor.  While serving as Club President, Mike Ohanian won the Club Championship as well as the Massachusetts Amateur Championship in 1968! (39)

The original Oakley Clubhouse was tragically lost in a 1962 fire.  It was replaced by a new clubhouse, remodeled in 1998 to be faithful to the lines of the original Bulfinch building.  The 2018-19 clubhouse renovations further the Club's effort to continue the charm of a New England country estate while providing best-in-class country club accommodations. The course layout itself has remained identical to the last Ross re-design in 1910.  The Club engaged restoration architects in 2004 to examine the century old Ross designs and realigned the bunkers and greens to the Master's plan.  As a city club, Oakley is land locked.  Our 85 precious acres allow for an amazingly efficient 6,000 yard course primarily because our architect's greatest gift was his ability to route fairways!

We welcome your visit to Oakley. Historic golfers who have graced our links have included: Harry Varden, Ted Ray, Francis Quimet, Walter Hagen, John McDermott, Bobby Jones, Harriot and Margaret Curtis and Alexa Stirling. Previous Club guests have included US Presidents: Teddy Roosevelt, Franklin D. Roosevelt and John F. Kennedy. At the end of TR's 1905 visit, newspaper accounts report that he declared: "Oakley… is a perfectly bully place and we all had a good time!" (40)  Legend has it that former US Senator, Boston Mayor and famous entertainer H.G. Otis hosted numerous US Presidents and dignitaries at Oakley in the early 1800s including John Adams, James Madison, James Monroe, J.Q. Adams as well as the Marquis de Lafayette. We believe Oakley is a historic venue of "good times" that continues to the present day!

Rev. 9.22.20: Oakley Historical Committee, D.O. Mee, Chair.

Notes

Bibliography

"Golf Never Failed Me" by Donald Ross

1900 Ross plan of Oakley. Tuffs Archives -Given Memorial Library, Pinehurst, NC

A Commonwealth of Golfers, MGA, 2002

American Golfer, July 1910

Boston Basin Hills https://www.bostonbasinhills.org/pages/watertown-hills.html

Boston Dailey Globe October 17, 1900

Boston Evening Transcript. 26 November 1900.

Boston Globe, October 10, 1898

Boston Post, 11.11.1900.

Boston Sunday Globe, April 2, 1899

Boston Sunday Globe, August 5, 1900.

Cambridge Chronicle, December 11, 1897

Cambridge Chronicle, March 12, 1898,

Correspondence between DJ Ross and WB Durant, April 22, 1937

Correspondence between EP Shapiro and D Shea, January 4, 1998.

DJR registration at 1910 Massachusetts Open listed his club as Oakley.

Donald Ross Society  https://rosssociety.org/Donald-Ross-Golf-Course-List

HISTORY OF THE ESSEX COUNTY CLUB, 1893-1993-GC CANER – 1995,

http://giventufts.org/donald-ross/, 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Brady_(golfer)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Country_Club

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Amateur_Championship_(golf)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Senior_Men%27s_Amateur_Golf_Championship

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willie_Campbell_(golfer)#Death "Famous Golfer Dead".

https://www.digitalcommonwealth.org/search/commonwealth:rv0435911

NY Times Aug 6 1902

Oakley Country Club Yearbook, Addison C Getchell printer, Boston, 1899

Oakley Country Club Yearbook, Fort Hill Press printer, Boston, 1909

Ship Majestic Passenger log March, 1899

The Boston Globe June 28, 1905

The First Hundred Years 1898-1998, A Special Legacy. Oakley Country Club Centennial Book, 1998

 The Golfing Annual 1899=1900. Edited by David S. Duncan. Volume  XIII. London: Horace Cox.

 Walks and rides in the Country round about Boston, EM Bacon, Houghton Mifflin & Company , 1898

Watertown Enterprise September 23^rd 1898